Peripheral ameloblastoma underlying squamous cell papilloma after a third molar extraction.

Peripheral ameloblastoma (PA) is a rare variant of ameloblastoma that presents as a slow-growing, painless mass in the gingival tissues or alveolar mucosa. It shares histologic features with conventional ameloblastoma but is less invasive and aggressive. This case report describes a 51-year-old female with a PA that simultaneously or subsequently developed underlying squamous cell papilloma after mandibular third molar extraction. Clinical examination revealed a pedunculated gingival lesion mimicking squamous cell papilloma. Histopathologic examination confirmed PA underlying squamous cell papilloma after an excisional biopsy. Imaging revealed mild bone resorption, leading to a further soft tissue excision and minimal osteoectomy to rule out intraosseous involvement. The patient remained asymptomatic without signs of recurrence in the 1-year follow-up. PA diagnosis can be challenging due to its clinical resemblance to other gingival lesions and histopathologic features. Treatment typically involves surgical excision, with long-term follow-up recommended due to possible recurrence and malignant transformation.

Management of Complications and Secondary Deformity After Fractures of the Midface, Orbit, and Upper Third of the Maxillofacial Skeleton.

Craniomaxillofacial trauma is a challenging entity to manage effectively and often necessitates serial evaluation and treatment. A multidisciplinary team is best served to evaluate and treat these complex injury patterns with the use of necessary adjuncts, such as neuronavigation, intraoperative imaging, custom implant use, and virtual surgical planning. Complications of facial trauma can present at a spectrum of time points and manifest in a variety of manners and as such patients should be observed closely and longitudinally. Although not all complications and secondary deformities can be avoided, this article highlights some common pitfalls and our unique management strategies.

How do patients perceive resident participation in facial cosmetic treatment?

PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to determine patient attitudes toward resident participation in their facial cosmetic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design was a cross-sectional study which consisted of an anonymous questionnaire regarding the patient's opinion of resident involvement in their care. Patients who presented to a single academic center seeking facial cosmetic care were surveyed over a period of 10 months. The primary outcome variables were degree of training, analysis of resident involvement impacting quality of care, and resident gender. RESULTS: Fifty patients were surveyed. All participants agreed that they would be comfortable if a resident observed their consultation or treatment and 94% agreed they would be comfortable if a resident interviewed and examined before meeting with the surgeon (n = 47). When asked if they would prefer a resident to be far along in their training if they were involved in the surgical care, the majority, 68% (n = 34), agreed. Only 18% (n = 9) of the patients reported feeling a resident's involvement in their surgery may lower the quality of their care. CONCLUSION: Patient perception of resident participation in their cosmetic treatment is favorable, but it appears patients do prefer that residents be well into their training years.

Education, Political Party, and Football Viewership Predict Americans' Attention to News About Concussions in Sports.

News outlets, sports coverage, and even Hollywood movies have highlighted the growing body of research documenting the long-term negative consequences of traumatic injury in athletics, particularly, (sports-related) concussions. Despite so much media coverage, little is known about how much attention members of the American public pay to sports concussion news. Disparities in attention to concussion news among sociodemographic groups may contribute to further inequalities in rates of concussions that stem from participation in collision sports. In this study, using a 2017 nationally representative survey of US residents (n = 964), we examine the social, political, and demographic correlates of individuals' attention to news about concussions in sports. Regression results indicate that older, more educated, Democratic-leaning respondents reported that they pay more attention to news about concussions. Additionally, respondents with a greater past competitive athletic participation and those who regularly watch baseball and football reported higher levels of attention to concussion news. These findings are consistent with previous research showing higher levels of news consumption and trust in science among the highly educated and Democrats. The increased levels among football viewers may be in response to the inclusion of concussion news in game coverage.

Sterilization and sanitizing of 3D-printed personal protective equipment using polypropylene and a Single Wall design.

BACKGROUND: The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic during the fall of 2019 and into the spring of 2020 has led to an increased demand of disposable N95 respirators and other types of personal protective equipment (PPE) as a way to prevent virus spread and help ensure the safety of healthcare workers. The sudden demand led to rapid modification, development, and dissemination of 3D printed PPE. The goal of this study was to determine the inherent sterility and re-sterilizing ability of 3D printed PPE in order to provide sterile equipment to the healthcare field and the general public. METHODS: Samples of polylactic acid (PLA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) (infill-based designs) and polypropylene (single-wall hollow design) were 3D printed. Samples were inoculated with E. coli for 24 h and then sanitized using various chemical solutions or heat-based methods. The samples were then incubated for 24- or 72-h in sterile LB medium at 37°C, and bacterial growth was measured by optical density at 600nm. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism v8.2.1. RESULTS: Significant bacterial growth was observed in all PLA and TPU based samples following re-sterilization, regardless of the methods used when compared to controls (p < 0.05). The single-walled hollow polypropylene design was not only sterile following printing, but was also able to undergo re-sanitization following bacterial inoculation, with no significant bacterial growth (p > 0.05) observed regardless of sanitization method used. CONCLUSION: The cost effectiveness, ease of sanitization, and reusability of 3D printed PPE, using our novel single-walled polypropylene design can help meet increased demands of PPE for healthcare workers and the general public that are needed to help decrease the viral transmission of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. 3D printing also has the potential to lead to the creation and production of other sterile material items for the healthcare industry in the future. The ability to re-sterilize 3D printed PPE, as our design shows, would also contribute less to the increase in biomedical waste (BMW) being experienced by COVID-19.

Dysphagia Evaluation: The Added Value of Concurrent MBS and Esophagram.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Dysphagia is associated with increased mortality and healthcare costs. The modified barium swallow study (MBS) is the gold standard in assessing oropharyngeal dysphagia, but does not evaluate the esophagus. A barium esophagram can visualize the esophagus but does not evaluate the oropharyngeal swallow, nor does it utilize the expertise of speech and language pathologists. Providers may order one or both studies yet still risk missing critical pathology. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted at an academic medical center between January 2016 and June 2019 focused on patients who had both MBS and esophagram as imaging for dysphagia evaluation. Analysis determined whether MBS and esophagram performed concomitantly improved diagnostic clarity. RESULTS: A total of 5,183 patients underwent 6,066 swallow studies for dysphagia in the study period. Of which, 124 of these patients had concurrent MBS and esophagram. 10.5% of concurrent studies demonstrated a congruent negative evaluation. 59.7% of patients had an unremarkable MBS or esophagram paired with abnormal findings within the corresponding esophagram or MBS, respectively. 29.8% had both MBS and esophagrams that demonstrated an abnormality, but with unique pathologies identified by each study. In total, 85.1% of unremarkable MBS or esophagrams were paired with abnormal findings in the corresponding esophagram or MBS, respectively. CONCLUSION: Selection of diagnostic testing is variable among providers and may be influenced by healthcare systems. This analysis revealed that MBS and esophagrams provide unique diagnoses. Concurrent MBS and esophagrams may improve diagnostic accuracy, yet minimize additional studies. National practices around dysphagia diagnostics are inconsistent and would benefit from standardization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 131:2666-2670, 2021.

A series of typical and atypical cases of Bazex syndrome: Identifying the red herring to avoid delaying cancer treatment.

Bazex syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic dermatosis that precedes diagnosis of cancer. Awareness of this syndrome is important, as it allows early detection of underlying malignancy and may prevent misdiagnosis and delays in cancer treatment.

Overcoming Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance Mechanisms Associated with the Cell Wall of Gram-Negative Bacteria.

The global increase in multi-drug-resistant bacteria is severely impacting our ability to effectively treat common infections. For Gram-negative bacteria, their intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms are heightened by their unique cell wall structure. The cell wall, while being a target of some antibiotics, represents a barrier due to the inability of most antibacterial compounds to traverse and reach their intended target. This means that its composition and resulting mechanisms of resistance must be considered when developing new therapies. Here, we discuss potential antibiotic targets within the most well-characterised resistance mechanisms associated with the cell wall in Gram-negative bacteria, including the outer membrane structure, porins and efflux pumps. We also provide a timely update on the current progress of inhibitor development in these areas. Such compounds could represent new avenues for drug discovery as well as adjuvant therapy to help us overcome antibiotic resistance.

Producción de aceite de palma en Colombia: ¿trabajo decente y saludable? / Palm Oil Production in Colombia: Decent and Healthy Work? / Produção de óleo de palma na Colombia: trabalho decente e saudável?

Resumen Introducción: este artículo analiza la relación entre el proceso productivo del aceite de palma en Colombia y sus efectos en la salud de los trabajadores del sector. Método: entre marzo y septiembre de 2017, se llevaron a cabo un taller piloto con directivos sindicales y ocho grupos focales en los que participaron 165 trabajadores de diversas áreas y empresas del sector y un taller de revisión y retroalimentación con la participación de diez dirigentes sindicales. Igualmente, se efectuaron visitas a algunas empresas para observar los procesos productivos, tanto en las plantaciones como en las plantas extractoras. La Encuesta de Morbilidad Sentida, sobre la información suministrada por los trabajadores (percepciones e interpretaciones acerca de su estado de salud en vínculo con su trabajo), fue la base para identificar los factores de riesgo del sector, el desgaste, la fatiga y las condiciones de salud-enfermedad asociadas a los oficios del cultivo de la palma en campo y al proceso industrial en la planta de extracción del aceite. Conclusión: la morbilidad sentida sugiere que las cargas laborales, los patrones de desgaste asociados a la producción, la exposición a altas temperaturas y agrotóxicos, además de la intensificación productiva derivada de la forma de organización del trabajo afectan significativamente la salud de los trabajadores de la agroindustria de palma. Basados en estos resultados, sugerimos que los trabajadores del sector deberían ser cobijados por un régimen especial de pensión conjugado con políticas de prevención en salud y seguridad en el trabajo y cobertura de protección social.

Abstract Introduction: This article presents the examination of the relation between the production process of palm oil in Colombia and its impact on the health of workers. Method: Between March and September of 2017, one pilot workshop with union leaders was performed along with eight focus groups in which 165 workers from diverse work areas and palm oil firms participated and one workshop dedicated to the revision and feedback from ten union leaders. Additionally, visits were conducted to some palm oil firms as a means of observing the production process (in plantations and processing mills). Conclusion: The workers' reports of their health and working conditions or their 'felt morbidity' was the basis for identifying the risk factors in this sector, the experiences of health and illness, the patterns of wear-and-tear associated with the production, the exposure to high temperatures and pesticides, and the intensification of production due to the way in which the work process is organized, all of which significantly affect the health of palm oil workers.

Resumo Introdução: este artigo analisa a relação entre a forma em que se realiza o processo produtivo do óleo de palma na Colombia e seus impactos sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores do setor. Método: realizaram-se, entre marco e setembro de 2017, um workshop piloto com diretivos sindicais e 8 grupos focais nos que participaram 165 trabalhadores de diversas áreas de trabalho e empresas do setor e um workshop de revisão e retroalimentação com a participação de 10 dirigentes sindicais. Igualmente, efetuaram-se visitas a algumas empresas para observar os processos produtivos, tanto nas plantações quanto nas plantas extratoras. O inquérito de "morbilidade sentida", que se refere á informação subministrada pelos trabalhadores, desde suas percepções e interpretações, acerca de seu estado de saúde em vínculo com seu trabalho, foi a base para identificar os fatores de risco do setor, o desgaste, a fatiga e as condições de saúde-doença associadas aos ofícios de cultivo da palma em campo e ao processo industrial na planta de extração do óleo. Conclusão: a morbilidade sentida sugere que as cargas laborais, os padrões de desgaste associados á produção, a exposição a altas temperaturas e agrotóxicos, além da intensificação produtiva derivada da forma de organização do trabalho afetam significativamente a saúde dos trabalhadores da agroindústria de palma.

Mis-annotations of a promising antibiotic target in high-priority gram-negative pathogens.

The rise of antibiotic resistance combined with the lack of new products entering the market has led to bacterial infections becoming one of the biggest threats to global health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel antibiotic targets, such as dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS), an enzyme involved in the production of essential metabolites in cell wall and protein synthesis. Here, we utilised a 7-residue sequence motif to identify mis-annotation of multiple DHDPS genes in the high-priority Gram-negative bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We subsequently confirmed these mis-annotations using a combination of enzyme kinetics and X-ray crystallography. Thus, this study highlights the need to ensure genes encoding promising drug targets, like DHDPS, are annotated correctly, especially for clinically important pathogens. PDB ID: 6UE0.

Trabajo decente y saludable en la agroindustria en América Latina. Revisión sistemática resumida / Decent and healthy agroindustry work in Latin America. Summarized systematic review / Trabalho digno e saudável na agroindústria na latino-américa.Revisão sistemática sucinta

Resumen Objetivos: Identificar los estudios relacionados con la salud de los trabajadores de la agroindustria de América Latina desde el año 1980 hasta 2018 y las evidencias de la relación entre precariedad laboral y salud. Metodología: Revisión sistemática resumida de la literatura disponible en Web of Science (incluye Scielo) y Scopus Lilacs-Bireme (Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud) con ayuda de un gestor de referencias bibliográficas, un programa para visualizar redes bibliométricas y un programa de análisis de datos cualitativos. Resultados: La búsqueda reportó 2056 registros publicados entre 1978 y 2018, alrededor de las categorías "agroindustria" y "salud". Fueron excluidos 1795 artículos, por no ajustarse al objetivo de la revisión. Los 261 artículos incluidos fueron sometidos a un análisis estadístico y 30 fueron escogidos para su revisión cualitativa. Se identificó una tendencia creciente de artículos, siendo Brasil el país con mayor cantidad en la región, dado el auge de la agroindustria en las últimas décadas. La caña de azúcar es el subsector más estudiado y, desde un punto de vista de la problemática, los efectos más dañinos son por la exposición a agrotóxicos, y los más frecuentes, por condiciones ergonómicas que generan problemas osteomusculares. Conclusiones: En el periodo analizado predomina un enfoque biomédico; sin embargo, la literatura se viene enriqueciendo con aportes de las ciencias sociales. Esto ha permitido avanzar en la problematización de las condiciones de salud-enfermedad de los trabajadores de la agroindustria, a la luz de los cambios en los modelos productivos y el aumento de la precariedad laboral en el sector.

Abstract Objectives: To identify the studies regarding the health of Latin America's agroindustry workers from 1980 to 2018 and the evidences of the relationship between work precariousness and health. Methodology: Summarized systematic review of the literature available in Web of Science (including Scielo) and Scopus Lilacs-Bireme (Virtual Health Library Regional Portal) with the aid of a bibliographic reference manager, a program to visualize bibliometric networks and a qualitative data analysis program. Results: Regarding the categories of "agroindustry" and "health", the research provided 2056 records published between 1978 and 2018. 1795 articles were excluded as they did not meet the objective of the review. 261 included articles were statistically analyzed and 30 were chosen for qualitative review. An increasing trend of articles was identified, particularly in Brazil (with the highest amount within the region), given the boom of agroindustry in the last decades. Sugarcane is the most studied subsector and, from the perspective of its implications, the most harmful effects are due to exposure to agro-toxins, and the most frequent, to ergonomic conditions that generate musculoskeletal problems. Conclusions: A biomedical approach predominates in the analyzed period; however, the literature consolidates with contributions of social sciences. This has made it possible to further problematize the health-disease conditions of agroindustry workers, in view of the changes in the productive models and the increase of the sector's work precariousness.

Resumo Objetivos: Identificar os estudos atinentes concernentes com a saúde dos trabalhadores da agroindústria da América Latina Desde o ano 1980 até 2018 e as evidências da relação entre a precariedade laboral e a saúde. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática sucinta da literatura disponibilizada na Web of Science incluindo Scielo Scopus Lilacs -Bireme (Portal Regional da biblioteca virtual da Saúde) quanto sendo utentes dum feitor de referência bibliográfica, um programa de visualizar redes bibliométricas e um programa de análise de dados qualitativos. Resultados: A procura retro alimentou 2056 cadastros publicados entre 1978 e 2018 ao redor das categorias "agroindústria" e "saúde". Foram excluídos 1.795 artigos, por ser pouco atinentes ao objetivo da revisada. Os 261 artigos aceitos foram submetidos sob uma análise estatística e trinta foram escolhidos para uma revisada qualitativa. Se identificou uma tendência em acréscimo de artigos sendo o Brasil o país com a mais grande quantidade na região dado o apogeu da agroindústria nas últimas décadas. A cana-de-açúcar é o subsetor mais estudado e, desde uma perspectiva da problemática, os efeitos mais prejudiciais são pela exposição aos agrotóxicos e os mais frequentes pelas condições ergonômicas que geram doenças osteomusculares. Conclusões: No período analisado predomina o foco biomédico; contudo a literatura está se abastando com verbas das Ciências Sociais Isto vai permitindo avançar na problematização das condições de saúde-doença dos trabalhadores da indústria sob a luz das mudanças nos modelos produtivos e o acréscimo da precariedade laboral neste sector.

Exploring training dental implant placement using computer-guided implant navigation system for predoctoral students: A pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: Recent computer-guided dynamic navigation systems promise a novel training approach for implant surgery. This study aimed to examine learning progress in placement of dental implants among dental students using dynamic navigation on a simulation model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Senior students with no implant placement experience were randomly assigned five implant placement attempts involving either three maxillary or four mandibular implants distributed in the anterior/posterior, and left/right segments. Implant placement was planned using a Navident Dynamic Guidance system. Surgical time was recorded. Horizontal, vertical and angulation discrepancies between the planned and placed implant positions were measured using superimposed CBCT scans. Data were analysed with repeated measures regression with Tukey's adjusted pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Fourteen students participated, with a mean age of 26.1 years and equal males and females. Mean time for implant placement was associated with attempt number (P < 0.001), implant site (P = 0.010) and marginally related to gender (P = 0.061). Students had a significant reduction in time from their first attempt to their second (10.6 vs 7.6 minutes; adjusted P < 0.001) then plateaued. Overall 3D angulation (P < 0.001) and 2D vertical apex deviation (P = 0.014) improved with each attempt, but changes in lateral 2D (P = 0.513) and overall 3D apex deviations (P = 0.784) were not statistically significant. Implant sites were associated with lateral 2D, 2D vertical and overall 3D apex deviation (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Males were marginally faster than females, had slightly lower overall 3D angulation, and reported higher proficiency with video games. Novice operators improved significantly in speed and angulation deviation within the first three attempts of placing implants using dynamic navigation. CONCLUSION: Computer-aided dynamic implant navigation systems can improve implant surgical training in novice population.

Inhibition of the Schizophrenia-Associated MicroRNA miR-137 Disrupts Nrg1α Neurodevelopmental Signal Transduction.

Genomic studies have repeatedly associated variants in the gene encoding the microRNA miR-137 with increased schizophrenia risk. Bioinformatic predictions suggest that miR-137 regulates schizophrenia-associated signaling pathways critical to neural development, but these predictions remain largely unvalidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that miR-137 regulates neuronal levels of p55γ, PTEN, Akt2, GSK3ß, mTOR, and rictor. All are key proteins within the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway and act downstream of neuregulin (Nrg)/ErbB and BDNF signaling. Inhibition of miR-137 ablates Nrg1α-induced increases in dendritic protein synthesis, phosphorylated S6, AMPA receptor subunits, and outgrowth. Inhibition of miR-137 also blocks mTORC1-dependent responses to BDNF, including increased mRNA translation and dendritic outgrowth, while leaving mTORC1-independent S6 phosphorylation intact. We conclude that miR-137 regulates neuronal responses to Nrg1α and BDNF through convergent mechanisms, which might contribute to schizophrenia risk by altering neural development.

Wind noise within and across behind-the-ear and miniature behind-the-ear hearing aids.

Previous studies investigated wind noise with Behind-The-Ear (BTE) hearing aids, but not the more common mini-BTE style of device, which typically has a smaller shell and microphones located more deeply behind the pinna. The current study investigated wind-noise levels across one BTE and two mini-BTE devices, and between the front and rear omni-directional microphones within devices. Levels were measured at two wind speeds (3 and 6 m/s) and 36 wind azimuths (10° increments). The pattern of wind-noise level versus azimuth was similar across mini-BTE devices, and differed for the BTE device. However, mean levels were markedly different across mini-BTE devices, and could be higher, lower, or similar to those of the BTE device. For within-device level differences, the pattern and mean across azimuth were similar across mini-BTE devices, and differed for the BTE device. Wind noise had the potential to slightly or severely reduce speech intelligibility at 3 or 6 m/s, respectively, across all devices.

Determination of protein binding affinities within hydrogel-based molecularly imprinted polymers (HydroMIPs).

Hydrogel-based molecularly imprinted polymers (HydroMIPs) were prepared for several proteins (haemoglobin, myoglobin and catalase) using a family of acrylamide-based monomers. Protein affinity towards the HydroMIPs was investigated under equilibrium conditions and over a range of concentrations using specific binding with Hill slope saturation profiles. We report HydroMIP binding affinities, in terms of equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) within the micro-molar range (25 ± 4 µM, 44 ± 3 µM, 17 ± 2 µM for haemoglobin, myoglobin and catalase respectively within a polyacrylamide-based MIP). The extent of non-specific binding or cross-selectivity for non-target proteins has also been assessed. It is concluded that both selectivity and affinity for both cognate and non-cognate proteins towards the MIPs were dependent on the concentration and the complementarity of their structures and size. This is tentatively attributed to the formation of protein complexes during both the polymerisation and rebinding stages at high protein concentrations. We have used atomic force spectroscopy to characterize molecular interactions in the MIP cavities using protein-modified AFM tips. Attractive and repulsive force curves were obtained for the MIP and NIP (non-imprinted polymer) surfaces (under protein loaded or unloaded states). Our force data suggest that we have produced selective cavities for the template protein in the MIPs and we have been able to quantify the extent of non-specific protein binding on, for example, a non-imprinted polymer (NIP) control surface.

Protein crystallization facilitated by molecularly imprinted polymers.

We present a previously undescribed initiative and its application, namely the design of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for producing protein crystals that are essential for determining high-resolution 3D structures of proteins. MIPs, also referred to as "smart materials," are made to contain cavities capable of rebinding protein; thus the fingerprint of the protein created on the polymer allows it to serve as an ideal template for crystal formation. We have shown that six different MIPs induced crystallization of nine proteins, yielding crystals in conditions that do not give crystals otherwise. The incorporation of MIPs in screening experiments gave rise to crystalline hits in 8-10% of the trials for three target proteins. These hits would have been missed using other known nucleants. MIPs also facilitated the formation of large single crystals at metastable conditions for seven proteins. Moreover, the presence of MIPs has led to faster formation of crystals in all cases where crystals would appear eventually and to major improvement in diffraction in some cases. The MIPs were effective for their cognate proteins and also for other proteins, with size compatibility being a likely criterion for efficacy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements demonstrated specific affinity between the MIP cavities and a protein-functionalized AFM tip, corroborating our hypothesis that due to the recognition of proteins by the cavities, MIPs can act as nucleation-inducing substrates (nucleants) by harnessing the proteins themselves as templates.

Adolescents with Two Nonresident Biological Parents: Living Arrangements, Parental Involvement, and Well-Being.

We know little about children who have two living nonresident biological parents. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examines the diverse living arrangements of U.S. adolescents in this situation, the kinds of relationships they have with each of their nonresident parents, and how these living arrangements are associated with adolescent well-being. Differences between these adolescents (N = 502) and those who have one nonresident biological parent (N = 4746) are also examined. Results point to certain groups of adolescents with two nonresident parents who are at particular risk of exhibiting higher levels of behavior problems (those living alone or with an aunt and uncle) or who, alternatively, are faring comparatively better (those living with biological relative caregivers or two nonbiological parent figures).

Quantification and confocal imaging of protein specific molecularly imprinted polymers.

We have employed FITC--albumin as the protein template molecule in an aqueous phase molecular imprinted polymer (HydroMIP) strategy. For the first time, the use of a fluorescently labeled template is reported, with subsequent characterization of the smart material to show that the HydroMIP possesses a significant molecular memory in comparison to that of the nonimprinted control polymer (HydroNIP). The imaging of the FITC--albumin imprinted HydroMIP using confocal microscopy is described, with the in situ removal of the imprinted protein displayed in terms of observed changes in the fluorescence of the imprinted polymer, both before and after template elution (using a 10% SDS/10% AcOH (w/v) solution). We also report the imaging of a bovine hemoglobin (BHb) imprinted HydroMIP using two-photon confocal microscopy and describe the effects of template elution upon protein autofluorescence. The findings further contribute to the understanding of aqueous phase molecular imprinting protocols and document the use of fluorescence as a useful tool in template labeling/detection and novel imaging strategies.